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A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

Dae Kun KWON,Ahsan KAREEM,Deepak KUMAR,Yukio TAMURA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 121-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0329-3

摘要： This study presents a development of an advanced cyberbased database-enabled design module for low-rise buildings (DEDM-LR) which provides estimation of the wind-induced responses for main wind force resisting frames by making direct use of pressure time histories measured at a large number of pressure taps over a suite of building models. These responses may be considered in lieu of code-specified load effects in which the overall accuracy may be influenced by the inherent simplifications in codes. In addition, this new automated approach is particularly attractive and advantageous as it allows a web-based online analysis/design via intuitive user-friendly interfaces for both the input and output in terms of familiar web-style forms that are nowadays very common in most of web-based services. Presently, the DEDM-LR hosts an aerodynamic database developed by the Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU), Japan for a variety of building configurations like flat, gable, and hip roofs under suburban terrain flow condition with immediate application to other databases. The paper shows the efficacy and validity of the DEDM-LR by walking through its details and examples on selected gable-roofed buildings. The architecture of DEDM-LR platform offers the ability to pool resources by hosting other databases that may become available in the near future.

关键词： wind loads low-rise building pressure measurement aerodynamics building design structural response building codes information technology (IT)

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Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 300-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0449-7

摘要：

Gable roofs with overhangs (eaves) are the common constructions of low-rise buildings on the southeastern coast of China, and they were vulnerable to typhoons from experience. The wind pressure distributions on gable roofs of low-rise buildings are investigated by a series of wind tunnel tests which consist of 99 test cases with various roof pitches, height-depth ratios and width-depth ratios. The block pressure coefficients and worst negative (block) pressure coefficients on different roof regions of low-rise buildings are proposed for the main structure and building envelope, respectively. The effects of roof pitch, height-depth ratio, and width-depth ratio on the pressure coefficients of each region are analyzed in detail. In addition, the pressure coefficients on the roofs for the main structure and building envelope are fitted according to roof pitch, height-depth ratio and width-depth ratio of the low-rise building. Meanwhile, the rationality of the fitting formulas is verified by comparing the fitting results with the codes of different countries. Lastly, the block pressure coefficients and worst negative pressure coefficients are recommended to guide the design of low-rise buildings in typhoon area and act as references for the future’s modification of wind load codes.

关键词： low-rise building gable roof wind loads wind tunnel test block pressure coefficient load code

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Performance evaluation of low-rise infilled reinforced concrete frames designed by considering local

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 686-703 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0937-2

摘要： The interactions between reinforced concrete (RC) frames and infill walls play an important role in the seismic response of frames, particularly for low-rise frames. Infill walls can increase the overall lateral strength and stiffness of the frame owing to their high strength and stiffness. However, local wall-frame interactions can also lead to increased shear demand in the columns owing to the compressive diagonal strut force from the inll wall, which can result in failure or in serious situations, collapse. In this study, the effectiveness of a design strategy to consider the complex infill wall interaction was investigated. The approach was used to design example RC frames with infill walls in locations with different seismicity levels in Thailand. The performance of these frames was assessed using nonlinear static, and dynamic analyses. The performance of the frames and the failure modes were compared with those of frames designed without considering the infill wall or the local interactions. It was found that even though the overall responses of the buildings designed with and without consideration of the local interaction of the infill walls were similar in terms the overall lateral strength, the failure modes were different. The proposed method can eliminate the column shear failure from the building. Finally, the merits and limitations of this approach are discussed and summarized.

关键词： reinforced concrete frames infill wall seismic design method shear failure wall-frame interaction

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Fragility assessment of wood sheathing panels and roof-to-wall connections subjected to wind loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 867-876 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0745-5

摘要： The performance of the wood-frame buildings after tornadoes has shown that the majority of the wind damage resulted from building envelope failure most typically due to the loss of the roof. To assess the performance and the reliability of low-rise wood-frame residential buildings with a focus on the roofs, fragility analysis can be used to estimate the probability of failure of a roof when constructed with specified nails and sheathing sizes. Thus, this paper examines the fragility of specific types of nails, roof-to-wall (RW) connection details, and sheathing sizes based on the damaged roofs that were previously assessed in the Dunrobin area in Ottawa (Ontario) that was hit with an Enhanced Fujita (EF3) tornado on September 21, 2018. The presented fragility analysis considers four scenarios, including different sheathing and nail sizes. Dead loads, wind loads, and resistance on the sheathing panels were compiled and analyzed to determine the failure of the examined roofs. The eight fragility models suggest that the safest roof sheathing (RS) is the 1.22 m × 1.22 m sheathing panel with 8 d nails, and the safest RW connections is achieved by using H2.5 hurricane clips.

关键词： tornadoes wind loads low-rise buildings fragility analysis risk assessment structural failures

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Shanghai Tower

Jian GONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 106-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017001

摘要： Ru-jiang Zhao,Wung Hee Moh. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 147-157.

关键词： super-high-rise building green building integral steel platform formwork system large volume concrete concrete pumped for super-high building deep and large foundation pit combined anterograde and retrograde methods digitalized construction technology

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无/低代码软件开发的兴起——无需经验？

Marcus Woo

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第9期页码 960-961 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.007

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Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要： This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词： green building low cost technique energy efficiency integrated strategy

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Individual environmental behavior: A key role in building low-carbon communities in China

Ping JIANG, Hongjia DONG, Yun ZHU, Adila ALIMUJIANG, Zhenhua ZHANG, Weichun MA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 456-465 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0566-y

摘要：

People’s social behavior, especially environmental behavior, has a great impact on energy consumption and carbon emission. This paper explores both categories of individual factors (e.g., values, habits, education, motivation, etc.) and social factors (e.g., institution, infrastructure, encouragement, etc.), to clarify the correlation between them and their sub-factors. Low-carbon campus is a representative type of low-carbon community which is less difficult to build than other communities because university students are well-educated and, to some extent, are more environmental aware and more willing to change their behaviors. The energy-saving and environment-friendly policies implemented on campus are collected and overviewed in this paper. Additionally, the leaders and employees from the related administration departments are interviewed, and the data of electricity amount and water usage are analyzed and a well-designed questionnaire is handed out in a survey. The survey investigates the environmental knowledge, energy use habits, attitude toward low-carbon transformation, comments on the current institution and so on. The results show that different groups of students have varied levels of environmental knowledge, energy use habits, and attitude toward low-carbon campus management. To improve energy conservation and cut carbon emission radically, advices on building low-carbon community are also proposed including professional curriculums of environmental protection, economic initiatives, effect management, good communications, and sound infrastructures and facilities.

关键词： behavior change energy saving low-carbon community campus of Fudan University China

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低碳建筑利益相关方动态关系分析

刘红勇,郑俊巍,林诚

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 94-99

摘要：

参考学术界对低碳建筑的定义，结合节能建筑以及对低碳建筑的认识，从狭义和广义两方面提出低碳建筑的定义，并从全寿命周期的角度，对各利益相关方：政府、开发商、设计单位、施工单位、材料设备供应单位、咨询机构、低碳技术研发机构、信贷机构、专业评估检测机构、物业管理单位以及公众，进行了系统的分析;提出了低碳建筑市场利益相关方关系图，同时将低碳建筑分为决策阶段、设计阶段、施工建造阶段、运营维护阶段与拆除报废阶段共计5个阶段;设计了各个阶段低碳建筑利益相关方因果关系图，对各利益相关方的动态关系做出了具体分析。

关键词：低碳建筑利益相关方因果关系图动态分析

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西藏高原低能耗建筑设计关键技术研究与应用

刘加平,杨柳,刘艳峰,田国民

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 40-46

摘要：

针对西藏高原地区城乡居住建筑环境质量差、常规能源缺乏的现状，通过对城乡居住建筑的大规模实地勘察、对建筑物理环境和能耗等指标的详细测算以及对城镇居住建筑和传统民居基本模式的综合分析，提出了适合西藏高原自然气候条件和社会经济背景的低能耗建筑设计的基本理论、方法及其关键技术问题。研发了低能耗建筑设计基本气象参数数据，创作出以太阳能综合利用为核心技术、适合当地民族文化和社会经济发展状况的城镇节能居住建筑体系和新型乡村生态民居建筑并建成示范工程，在满足基本热舒适条件下，同时保证了居住建筑的采暖和空调的超低能耗。编制了西藏地区建筑节能设计相关标准和图集，推动了当地建筑节能行业的整体进步。研究成果对于西部其他地区亦具有借鉴意义。

关键词：西藏高原建筑节能太阳能利用居住建筑低能耗建筑

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Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

Jianguo ZHANG , Ming GU ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 241-248 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0036-z

摘要： In this paper, the along-wind and cross-wind fluctuating load distributions along the height of high-rise buildings and their correlations are obtained through simultaneous pressure measurements in a wind tunnel. Some typical methods proposed in some relative literatures, i.e., load-response correlation (LRC), and quasi-mean load (QML) and gust load envelope (GLE) methods, are verified in terms of their accuracy in describing the background equivalent static wind load distribution on high-rise buildings. Based on the results, formulae of the distribution of background equivalent static load on high-rise buildings with typical shapes are put forward. It is shown that these formulae are of high accuracy and practical use.

关键词： high-rise buildings along-wind cross-wind background equivalent static wind load close formulae

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Investigation of the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings

ZHANG Shihai, WANG Li, OU Jinping, WANG Guangyuan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 182-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0020-4

摘要： In this paper, the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings based on the expert system (ES), case-based reasoning (CBR), and knowledge discovery in database (KDD) are evaluated systematically. The characteristics and shortcomings of each method are pointed out. It is predicted that the incorporation of these three techniques into an intelligent form optimization method will be an important development direction in the future. Finally, the unified intelligent form selection model combined with concepts of ES, CBR, KDD and artificially intelligent beautification is proposed. In consideration of the needs of human beings, machinery and computation, the model has been used for structural design combined with relevant knowledge, means, maneuver and strategy. The model plays an important role and has practical value in the process of artificially intelligent form optimization. It effectively reduces the blindness and failure of computer-aided structural design.

关键词： case-based reasoning computation KDD important development high-rise

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Heating energy savings potential from retrofitting old apartments with an advanced double-skin façade system in cold climate

Yeo Beom YOON, Byeongmo SEO, Brian Baewon KOH, Soolyeon CHO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 224-240 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0801-1

摘要： Apartments account for over 60% of total residential buildings and consume a significant portion of primary energy in South Korea. Various energy efficiency measures have been implemented for both new apartment constructions and existing apartment retrofits. Old apartment structures have poor thermal performances, resulting in a high energy consumption. The South Korean government initiated retrofitting projects to improve the energy efficiency in old apartments. Apartment owners typically replace old windows with high-performance windows; however, there is still a demand for better and more innovative retrofit methods for a highly improved energy efficiency. This paper proposes an advanced double-skin façade (DSF) system to replace existing balcony windows in old apartments. Considering the cold climate conditions of Seoul, South Korea, it mainly discusses heating energy savings. Three case models were developed: Base-Case with existing apartment, Case-1 with typical retrofitting, and Case-2 with the proposed DSF system. The EnergyPlus simulation program was used to develop simulation models for a floor radiant heating system. A typical gas boiler was selected for low-temperature radiant system modeling. The air flow network method was used to model the proposed DSF system. Five heating months, i.e., November to March, and one representative day, i.e., January 24, were selected for detailed analysis. The main heat loss areas consist of windows, walls, and infiltration. The results reveal that the apartment with the DSF retrofit saves 38.8% on the annual heating energy compared to the Base-Case and 35.2% compared to Case-1.

关键词： double-skin façade retrofitting high-rise apartment heating energy building simulation

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The effect of sea level rise on beach morphology of caspian sea coast

M. A. Lashteh NESHAEI, F. GHANBARPOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 369-379 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0398-6

摘要： Study of beach morphology has been one of the most important issues in coastal engineering research projects. Because of the existence of two important coastal areas located in the north and south parts of the Iran, in the present study an analysis of the coastal zone behaviour is made. Bed level elevations are measured and compared with the theoretical equilibrium profile. It is shown that the behaviour of the coastal zone in the region is consistent with the Dean (1991) equilibrium profile. In the next stage, following extensive investigations, the bed level changes due to arise in sea level at different locations in the surf zone are estimated. The mechanism of beach re-treatment due to a rise in sea level is considered based on the simplified model of Dean (1991) in which the mass balance of the sediments is taken into account. Comparison of the equilibrium profiles for different cases of sea level rise, clearly shows that because of the sediment transport induced by the fluctuation of the water level, the beach profile in the surf zone changes accordingly resulting in an erosion in the inner region of the surf zone and an accumulation of sediments towards the offshore.

关键词： wave coastal zone beach morphology evolution equilibrium profile sea level rise

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Seismic design of high-rise towers for cable-stayed bridges under strong earthquakes

Yan XU, Shide HU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 451-457 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0127-5

摘要： This paper presents the first of a series of studies on the seismic design of high-rise towers for cable-stayed bridges under strong earthquakes. One practical cable-stayed bridge with a 730 m long main span and two high-rise towers over 200 m in height was selected for this study. The preliminary results show that compared with piers, the tower is more vulnerable to pulse-like earthquakes, and it may develop plasticity at certain locations. In addition, viscous dampers may not have the same effect during pulse-like earthquakes as they do under site-specific earthquakes. Hence, reoptimization of damper parameters or reconsideration of other energy dissipation devices will be needed if strong earthquakes are likely to occur.

关键词： high-rise tower cable-stayed bridge strong earthquake seismic design